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2001.05.05／中央社華盛頓四日法新電

　　美國在昨天聯合國人權委員會改選中意外落馬，這是自一九四七年人權委員會成立以來，美國首次出局。總統布希所屬的共和黨今天再次抨擊聯合國讓人權紀錄不佳的國家成為人權委員會成員，卻將美國摒除在外。

　　美國昨天在人權委員會「西歐及其相關國家」一組的改選中，敗給法國、奧地利和瑞典。

　　今天，美國政府上下全籠罩在不滿與沮喪的氣氛中。

　　保守的國會議員強烈抨擊聯合國，讓人權完全不及格的國家如蘇丹成為人權委員會的成員。

　　參議院外交委員會主席赫姆斯指控說：「少數歐洲國家透過秘密投票，將美國做掉。」他說：「少了美國，將沒有人再為人權被迫害者講話，再沒有人捍衛他們的自由。」

　　眾議院國際關係委員會主席海德也說：「以後的人權委員會不過是個聊備一格的國際組織罷了。」他說：「國際官僚機制毫不關心全球無數受壓迫的人們，他們不了解這些人們多麼渴望普世的價值--自由與民主。」

　　國務院發言人畢特曼說：「我們相信人權委員會未來仍將在討論人權問題上扮演重要角色，但它肯定不會再像美國擔任成員時那樣地功能顯著。」

　　然而，一名美國官員說：「人權問題對我們仍然很重要，美國會繼續與人權委員會合作，繼續觀察並贊助人權委員會。美國仍然會很積極，只是不能再參與決策而已。」

　　以下英文報導做為參考：

May 5, 2001

Revolt at the U.N.

Thanks in part to the inattention of the Bush administration, the United States lost its seat on the United Nations Human Rights Commission this week for the first time since the panel was established in 1947. But the administration's failure to detect and defeat the brewing rebellion among other nations was only one element of an embarrassing defeat. Even more important was the rising resentment abroad about America's often patronizing treatment of the U.N. and Washington's disdain for international compacts on issues ranging from the environment to the use of land mines.

Critics of the U.N. in the administration and Congress will doubtless blame the world organization for the loss of the seat and cite it as another reason to withhold Washington's financial support and to take other punitive actions. Such a response would ignore the underlying issues that precipitated the revolt and only worsen American relations with the U.N., an institution with the potential to be a major asset to American diplomacy.

The Human Rights Commission itself is an example of the positive role the U.N. can play. The commission, which meets in Geneva, is often frustratingly bureaucratic, and counts among its members some of the world's most egregious violators of human rights, including Sudan, Pakistan and Togo. But this year the commission condemned human rights abuses in Cuba and Iran, and censured Russia for its actions in Chechnya. It sends special rapporteurs to investigate violations, a spotlight that is profoundly embarrassing to dictators. International human rights groups have correctly warned that the commission may be inactive without American leadership and that Washington's voice on human rights issues will be weakened.

The United States was dropped from the commission when the three seats reserved for Western nations in this year's balloting went to France, Austria and Sweden in a vote of the 54 members of the Economic and Social Council, the U.N. body that oversees the commission. American diplomats apparently complacently assumed the American seat was safe after 43 nations assured Washington of their support and did not realize a revolt was developing, encouraged by human rights abusers, including Cuba and China. Washington also failed to persuade Austria or Sweden to pull out of the race. The breakdown may be partly due to the absence of a new American ambassador to the U.N. The White House has selected John Negroponte, an experienced diplomat, but has yet to submit his nomination to the Senate.

President Bush and Secretary of State Colin Powell must be mindful of the erosion of international respect for the United States, even among some of its European allies. Not all the foreign complaints are justified. Washington has long been the commission's fiercest defender of Israel and the author of the most aggressive resolutions condemning nations such as China and Cuba. Those policies are entirely appropriate.

But other American behavior, including a tendency to treat the U.N. as a benighted and irritating stepchild, has needlessly provoked opposition. Washington's failure to pay U.N. dues is the most conspicuous example. But member states are also angry about the Pentagon's insistence that Americans not be covered by an international criminal court, the Bush administration's withdrawal from talks about global warning and even Washington's policies of pushing poor countries not to make copies of AIDS drugs. President Bush's open contempt for the 1972 Antiballistic Missile Treaty has alarmed not only Russia, the other signatory to the accord, but NATO allies as well.

Until a new election next year when Washington can try to reclaim membership on the Human Rights Commission, the organization is likely to take a softer line on most nations, and a more aggressive one toward Israel. But the more important fallout from this week's vote will probably come in Washington. The Bush administration and responsible members of Congress must move quickly to prevent a backlash against the U.N.

Payment of Washington's back dues is vital to maintaining American influence at the U.N. The payment plan that was carefully negotiated by Richard Holbrooke in the last days of the Clinton administration remains a reasonable deal for the United States and should be approved by the House, where it has been stalled. The lesson of the commission vote is not that the U.N. is inherently inimical to American interests, but rather that Washington has to do a better job of working with other nations if it wants to retain its authority at the U.N.

　　不可忽視中共的外交力量，請看此則新聞。

2001.05.05／中央社記者鍾行憲華盛頓四日專電

　　白宮今天強調，美國雖然對被排除在聯合國人權委員會之外感到失望，布希總統和他的政府不會因此而停止率直批評世界各地侵犯人權的情事。

　　布希政府官員表示，自一九四七年聯合國人權委員會設立以來美國首次被排除在外，但這並不會影響美國維護人權的一貫立場。不過他們暗示，這也許會損害聯合國人權委員會本身的道德權威。

　　白宮發言人佛萊謝今天在例行新聞簡報會中指出，布希總統對此一情況發展感到失望，但是這不會阻止他繼續為世界各地的人權仗義執言。

　　佛萊謝說：「沒有美國卻有蘇丹和利比亞側身其中的人權委員會，不會被認為是一個最有效的人權委員會。有蘇丹、利比亞在其中是有點可笑。」

　　來自日內瓦的報導說，包括中共等若干人權紀錄一直遭到美國抨擊的國家積極運作反對美國成為聯合國人權委員會的一員，而部分歐洲國家也許是由於布希政府對全球氣溫上升以及飛彈防禦系統的立場而不支持美國。

　　白宮新聞秘書佛萊謝對此表示，他無法評估個別國家的投票情形。但是他說，布希政府已盡了相當的努力，就美國繼續發展並且部署飛彈防禦系統以及擱置遏止全球氣溫上升的京都議定書的決定，與盟邦和友邦進行諮商。

　　日內瓦此一表決結果立即招致共和黨籍國會議員再度抨擊聯合國，雖然佛萊謝說這並不影響布希總統對聯合國的支持，但是布希政府也未努力促使國會完成償付美國積欠聯合國債務的立法工作。

　　經濟利益左右政治實力，此有實例，柯林噸政策的失策，使中共的實力大為增加，其在聯合國的發言，甚有份量，美國的政策自食苦果。

　　故在歐洲各國，包括美國民主盟邦的反制下，不但喪失在聯合國人權委員會的席次，更同時失去毒品控制委員會的位子，使美國人的顏面盡失，其因為在於歐盟各國的情緒反彈與中共運作策略的成功。

　　且觀英文報導：

U.S. Loses Seat on U.N. Committee

By Dafna Linzer, Associated Press Writer
Monday, May 7, 2001

UNITED NATIONS -- In another embarrassing blow, the United States lost its seat on an international drug monitoring body on the same day it was voted off the U.N. Human Rights Commission, U.S. officials confirmed Monday.

The United States had campaigned for a third term for American representative Herbert Okun, who has served as vice president on the International Narcotics Control Board. But he was voted off Thursday in the same secret-ballot procedure and by the same countries that cost the United States its seat on the human rights commission.

"That, we find, very regrettable," U.S. State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said in Washington on Monday. He said the United States would continue its "strong support" for the U.N. anti-drug programs.

The 13-member International Narcotics Control Board monitors compliance with U.N. drug conventions on substance abuse and illegal trafficking.

Seven countries - Iran, Brazil, India, Peru, France, the Netherlands, and Austria - were elected to the board Thursday. China, Russia, Nigeria, Turkey, Mexico, and Chile complete their current terms in 2005.

Boucher would not speculate as to why Okun lost re-election but, coupled with the loss of the human rights seat, he said "there's something happening out there."

"Clearly, I think it's fair to speculate there may be issues related to how we handled ourselves, to how we position," he said.

Former U.S. drug policy director Barry McCaffrey said American's absence would be felt more by other countries than by the United States.

"It's a great loss to the international community to not have us in a leadership position. We play a dominant role in the research and development of drug treatment programs in the world," said McCaffrey, who used to head the Office of National Drug Control Policy in Washington.

"The assistance that we are able to provide the United Nations, the Europeans and former Soviet Union states could be adversely affected," McCaffrey told AP.

The 54-member U.N. Economic and Social Council, the main U.N. body responsible for economic and social issues, cast secret ballots Thursday that led to the U.S. ouster from the narcotics board and the Human Rights Commission. The human rights vote spurred calls by some U.S. lawmakers to withhold $582 million in back dues for the United Nations and $67 million to rejoin UNESCO 17 years after the United States left over concerns about political polarization.

"We've put time and energy and money and leadership into these international (drug) programs," McCaffrey said, adding that another strike at the United States could "add to the sentiment in Congress that would say, 'Why should we support regional or multinational U.N. operations?' "

The 70-year-old Okun served as deputy U.S. ambassador to the United Nations from 1985 to 1989 and has been on the narcotics board since 1992.

In the corridors at the United Nations, diplomats and U.N. officials said after the human rights defeat that the United States didn't lobby hard enough. The absence of a U.S. ambassador to the United Nations for nearly four months has exacerbated the problem.

Many nations - including the United States' European allies - are angry at the Bush administration's decision to pull out of an agreement to reduce global warming and to move ahead with a new missile defense system. President Bush has also refused to ratify the treaty creating an international criminal court and the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the nuclear test ban treaty.

U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, asked about the U.S. ouster from the Human Rights Commission, said Monday that "member states, particularily those who have been very strongly supportive of the international criminal court, have been disappointed by the U.S. not coming on board."

The drug control board deals with aspects of legal and illegal drug control, including monitoring government controls over chemicals used in the illicit manufacture of drugs.

It also assists in preventing diversion of those chemicals into illicit traffic and identifies weaknesses in drug control systems.

　　故知強大的國防與政治智慧的運作，方是保台之道，而所謂之民主與人權，亦不過行使道德勸說的精神力量而已，台灣必須保持民主人權作理由，在付予實質之國力為後盾，才能立足於國際社會，以美國之強大，亦失算於政治巧妙之運用。但是美國依恃其強大的國防與市場經濟，則此種小小失利會有東山再起的實力，台灣人要看清楚，台灣的實力何在？


		Chapter ４３
		只因經濟沒有道德　中共大勝美國


		2001.05.05／中央社華盛頓四日法新電　　美國在昨天聯合國人權委員會改選中意外落馬，這是自一九四七年人權委員會成立以來，美國首次出局。總統布希所屬的共和黨今天再次抨擊聯合國讓人權紀錄不佳的國家成為人權委員會成員，卻將美國摒除在外。　　美國昨天在人權委員會「西歐及其相關國家」一組的改選中，敗給法國、奧地利和瑞典。　　今天，美國政府上下全籠罩在不滿與沮喪的氣氛中。　　保守的國會議員強烈抨擊聯合國，讓人權完全不及格的國家如蘇丹成為人權委員會的成員。　　參議院外交委員會主席赫姆斯指控說：「少數歐洲國家透過秘密投票，將美國做掉。」他說：「少了美國，將沒有人再為人權被迫害者講話，再沒有人捍衛他們的自由。」　　眾議院國際關係委員會主席海德也說：「以後的人權委員會不過是個聊備一格的國際組織罷了。」他說：「國際官僚機制毫不關心全球無數受壓迫的人們，他們不了解這些人們多麼渴望普世的價值--自由與民主。」　　國務院發言人畢特曼說：「我們相信人權委員會未來仍將在討論人權問題上扮演重要角色，但它肯定不會再像美國擔任成員時那樣地功能顯著。」　　然而，一名美國官員說：「人權問題對我們仍然很重要，美國會繼續與人權委員會合作，繼續觀察並贊助人權委員會。美國仍然會很積極，只是不能再參與決策而已。」　　以下英文報導做為參考： May 5, 2001 Revolt at the U.N. Thanks in part to the inattention of the Bush administration, the United States lost its seat on the United Nations Human Rights Commission this week for the first time since the panel was established in 1947. But the administration's failure to detect and defeat the brewing rebellion among other nations was only one element of an embarrassing defeat. Even more important was the rising resentment abroad about America's often patronizing treatment of the U.N. and Washington's disdain for international compacts on issues ranging from the environment to the use of land mines. Critics of the U.N. in the administration and Congress will doubtless blame the world organization for the loss of the seat and cite it as another reason to withhold Washington's financial support and to take other punitive actions. Such a response would ignore the underlying issues that precipitated the revolt and only worsen American relations with the U.N., an institution with the potential to be a major asset to American diplomacy. The Human Rights Commission itself is an example of the positive role the U.N. can play. The commission, which meets in Geneva, is often frustratingly bureaucratic, and counts among its members some of the world's most egregious violators of human rights, including Sudan, Pakistan and Togo. But this year the commission condemned human rights abuses in Cuba and Iran, and censured Russia for its actions in Chechnya. It sends special rapporteurs to investigate violations, a spotlight that is profoundly embarrassing to dictators. International human rights groups have correctly warned that the commission may be inactive without American leadership and that Washington's voice on human rights issues will be weakened. The United States was dropped from the commission when the three seats reserved for Western nations in this year's balloting went to France, Austria and Sweden in a vote of the 54 members of the Economic and Social Council, the U.N. body that oversees the commission. American diplomats apparently complacently assumed the American seat was safe after 43 nations assured Washington of their support and did not realize a revolt was developing, encouraged by human rights abusers, including Cuba and China. Washington also failed to persuade Austria or Sweden to pull out of the race. The breakdown may be partly due to the absence of a new American ambassador to the U.N. The White House has selected John Negroponte, an experienced diplomat, but has yet to submit his nomination to the Senate. President Bush and Secretary of State Colin Powell must be mindful of the erosion of international respect for the United States, even among some of its European allies. Not all the foreign complaints are justified. Washington has long been the commission's fiercest defender of Israel and the author of the most aggressive resolutions condemning nations such as China and Cuba. Those policies are entirely appropriate. But other American behavior, including a tendency to treat the U.N. as a benighted and irritating stepchild, has needlessly provoked opposition. Washington's failure to pay U.N. dues is the most conspicuous example. But member states are also angry about the Pentagon's insistence that Americans not be covered by an international criminal court, the Bush administration's withdrawal from talks about global warning and even Washington's policies of pushing poor countries not to make copies of AIDS drugs. President Bush's open contempt for the 1972 Antiballistic Missile Treaty has alarmed not only Russia, the other signatory to the accord, but NATO allies as well. Until a new election next year when Washington can try to reclaim membership on the Human Rights Commission, the organization is likely to take a softer line on most nations, and a more aggressive one toward Israel. But the more important fallout from this week's vote will probably come in Washington. The Bush administration and responsible members of Congress must move quickly to prevent a backlash against the U.N. Payment of Washington's back dues is vital to maintaining American influence at the U.N. The payment plan that was carefully negotiated by Richard Holbrooke in the last days of the Clinton administration remains a reasonable deal for the United States and should be approved by the House, where it has been stalled. The lesson of the commission vote is not that the U.N. is inherently inimical to American interests, but rather that Washington has to do a better job of working with other nations if it wants to retain its authority at the U.N. 　　不可忽視中共的外交力量，請看此則新聞。 2001.05.05／中央社記者鍾行憲華盛頓四日專電　　白宮今天強調，美國雖然對被排除在聯合國人權委員會之外感到失望，布希總統和他的政府不會因此而停止率直批評世界各地侵犯人權的情事。　　布希政府官員表示，自一九四七年聯合國人權委員會設立以來美國首次被排除在外，但這並不會影響美國維護人權的一貫立場。不過他們暗示，這也許會損害聯合國人權委員會本身的道德權威。　　白宮發言人佛萊謝今天在例行新聞簡報會中指出，布希總統對此一情況發展感到失望，但是這不會阻止他繼續為世界各地的人權仗義執言。　　佛萊謝說：「沒有美國卻有蘇丹和利比亞側身其中的人權委員會，不會被認為是一個最有效的人權委員會。有蘇丹、利比亞在其中是有點可笑。」　　來自日內瓦的報導說，包括中共等若干人權紀錄一直遭到美國抨擊的國家積極運作反對美國成為聯合國人權委員會的一員，而部分歐洲國家也許是由於布希政府對全球氣溫上升以及飛彈防禦系統的立場而不支持美國。　　白宮新聞秘書佛萊謝對此表示，他無法評估個別國家的投票情形。但是他說，布希政府已盡了相當的努力，就美國繼續發展並且部署飛彈防禦系統以及擱置遏止全球氣溫上升的京都議定書的決定，與盟邦和友邦進行諮商。　　日內瓦此一表決結果立即招致共和黨籍國會議員再度抨擊聯合國，雖然佛萊謝說這並不影響布希總統對聯合國的支持，但是布希政府也未努力促使國會完成償付美國積欠聯合國債務的立法工作。　　經濟利益左右政治實力，此有實例，柯林噸政策的失策，使中共的實力大為增加，其在聯合國的發言，甚有份量，美國的政策自食苦果。　　故在歐洲各國，包括美國民主盟邦的反制下，不但喪失在聯合國人權委員會的席次，更同時失去毒品控制委員會的位子，使美國人的顏面盡失，其因為在於歐盟各國的情緒反彈與中共運作策略的成功。　　且觀英文報導： U.S. Loses Seat on U.N. Committee By Dafna Linzer, Associated Press Writer Monday, May 7, 2001 UNITED NATIONS -- In another embarrassing blow, the United States lost its seat on an international drug monitoring body on the same day it was voted off the U.N. Human Rights Commission, U.S. officials confirmed Monday. The United States had campaigned for a third term for American representative Herbert Okun, who has served as vice president on the International Narcotics Control Board. But he was voted off Thursday in the same secret-ballot procedure and by the same countries that cost the United States its seat on the human rights commission. "That, we find, very regrettable," U.S. State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said in Washington on Monday. He said the United States would continue its "strong support" for the U.N. anti-drug programs. *The 13-member International Narcotics Control Board monitors compliance with U.N. drug conventions on substance abuse and illegal trafficking.* Seven countries - Iran, Brazil, India, Peru, France, the Netherlands, and Austria - were elected to the board Thursday. China, Russia, Nigeria, Turkey, Mexico, and Chile complete their current terms in 2005. Boucher would not speculate as to why Okun lost re-election but, coupled with the loss of the human rights seat, he said "there's something happening out there." "Clearly, I think it's fair to speculate there may be issues related to how we handled ourselves, to how we position," he said. Former U.S. drug policy director Barry McCaffrey said American's absence would be felt more by other countries than by the United States. "It's a great loss to the international community to not have us in a leadership position. We play a dominant role in the research and development of drug treatment programs in the world," said McCaffrey, who used to head the Office of National Drug Control Policy in Washington. "The assistance that we are able to provide the United Nations, the Europeans and former Soviet Union states could be adversely affected," McCaffrey told AP. The 54-member U.N. Economic and Social Council, the main U.N. body responsible for economic and social issues, cast secret ballots Thursday that led to the U.S. ouster from the narcotics board and the Human Rights Commission. The human rights vote spurred calls by some U.S. lawmakers to withhold $582 million in back dues for the United Nations and $67 million to rejoin UNESCO 17 years after the United States left over concerns about political polarization. "We've put time and energy and money and leadership into these international (drug) programs," McCaffrey said, adding that another strike at the United States could "add to the sentiment in Congress that would say, 'Why should we support regional or multinational U.N. operations?' " The 70-year-old Okun served as deputy U.S. ambassador to the United Nations from 1985 to 1989 and has been on the narcotics board since 1992. In the corridors at the United Nations, diplomats and U.N. officials said after the human rights defeat that the United States didn't lobby hard enough. The absence of a U.S. ambassador to the United Nations for nearly four months has exacerbated the problem. Many nations - including the United States' European allies - are angry at the Bush administration's decision to pull out of an agreement to reduce global warming and to move ahead with a new missile defense system. President Bush has also refused to ratify the treaty creating an international criminal court and the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the nuclear test ban treaty. U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, asked about the U.S. ouster from the Human Rights Commission, said Monday that "member states, particularily those who have been very strongly supportive of the international criminal court, have been disappointed by the U.S. not coming on board." The drug control board deals with aspects of legal and illegal drug control, including monitoring government controls over chemicals used in the illicit manufacture of drugs. It also assists in preventing diversion of those chemicals into illicit traffic and identifies weaknesses in drug control systems. 　　故知強大的國防與政治智慧的運作，方是保台之道，而所謂之民主與人權，亦不過行使道德勸說的精神力量而已，台灣必須保持民主人權作理由，在付予實質之國力為後盾，才能立足於國際社會，以美國之強大，亦失算於政治巧妙之運用。但是美國依恃其強大的國防與市場經濟，則此種小小失利會有東山再起的實力，台灣人要看清楚，台灣的實力何在？