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Taipei¡¦s disappearing green space
By Huang Jui-mao ¶À·çZ
Thursday, Sep 02, 2010, Page 8
The Taipei City Government recently announced that all the
exhibition halls constructed for the forthcoming Taipei International Flora
Exposition would be preserved after the show is over and assigned for use by
various departments.
This means that, even in the 21st century, the city government feels free to do
as it sees fit, without following proper procedure. It is once more taking land
that urban development plans have set aside for use as parks and using it for
urban facilities instead, without doing anything to make up for the loss of
parkland. In so doing, the city government completely overlooks the active role
green parkland can play in conserving water and moderating the effects of
climate change.
During the 1930s, the Japanese colonial government laid out plans for 17 parks
in Taipei as part of its overall vision for urban living. Later, in the course
of postwar urban development and construction, various structures were put up on
these pieces of land that had originally been intended to be parks. As a result,
a very large part of these parks is now used for other purposes.
The most extreme example is Park No. 5, which has disappeared entirely to make
way for buildings, including the Taipei Arena, the Songshan precinct police
station, Taipei Physical Education College and the Taipei Cultural Center.
Another example is the Da-an Forest Park, which has indeed been kept as a park
but is also used in part for a metro station and an underground parking lot.
In the original plan, the entire rectangle bordered by the Tamsui railway (now
the Tamsui MRT line), Minzu East and West roads, Jianguo N Road and the Keelung
River was originally designated as parks Nos. 1 to 4. This parkland was diverted
bit by bit to accommodate various facilities in the course of postwar urban
development. These service facilities should really have been built on other
pieces of land allocated as part of the overall city plan.
Such planning is one of the purposes and proper functions of government.
However, this feature of Taipei¡¦s urban development is related to certain
historical factors, and using parkland to build urban facilities should be a
thing of the past.
The big rectangle on the south bank of the Keelung River that was originally
designated as parkland was chosen as the main showground for the Flora Expo,
with the main exhibition hall being built on the most densely wooded part of
Xinsheng Park, which is at the westernmost end of the rectangle. So the first
step in construction of the Flora Expo site was to chop down a thousand or more
mature trees to make way for the hall.
This decision reveals the failure of those responsible for planning the Flora
Expo showground to design the project according to existing local conditions, as
well as government bureaucrats¡¦ failure to consider the issue of sustainable
development.
Climate change has become an issue in urban development all over the world, and
the heat-island effect in the Taipei basin is becoming increasingly obvious. In
summer, beneath clear blue skies, heat is trapped in the basin, pushing the
temperature up to record levels. With the additional factor of radiant heat
emanating from the concrete jungle, temperatures in Taipei sometimes measure
close to 39¢XC.
It has recently become trendy to hang greenery on buildings in an effort to stop
radiant heat from penetrating indoors. However, parks and green spaces do much
more to conserve water and provide shade, acting as a basic defense against the
heat-island effect for the whole city. In the past, the main purpose in having
parks in cities was to provide citizens with space for leisure activities, but
today they have taken on the important additional function of keeping cities
cool. The Taipei City Government¡¦s decision to retain the exhibition halls after
the Flora Expo is over shows that city bureaucrats regard green spaces and parks
as non-essential items. That is why they have decided to keep what were
originally supposed to be temporary structures standing in the parks, with no
long-term consideration for citizens¡¦ need for activity space, or for water
conservation and temperature reduction. What, if anything, will they do to
compensate Taipei¡¦s residents for the repeated loss of parkland?
I call on the city government to turn over an equal-sized area of publicly owned
land in the central part of the city for use as parkland, and the responsible
thing to do would be to use it to build permanent ecologically oriented parks. I
sincerely hope that when the Flora Expo draws to a close, it will mark an end to
the degradation of Taipei¡¦s parks.
Huang Jui-mao is an associate professor of architecture at
Tamkang University.
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