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US-Taiwan relations still on course
By Dennis Hickey
When measured on almost any scale of political affairs, the amazing
rapprochement between the People¡¦s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of
China must rank as one of the most significant events of the early 21st century.
Since 2008, the two sides have hammered out a series of agreements providing for
direct shipping, daily passenger flights and improved postal services and food
safety. Chinese businessmen have traveled to Taiwan to negotiate billions of
dollars in trade and investment deals, and thousands of Chinese tourists visit
the country each month. Furthermore, Beijing has agreed that Taipei may attend
meetings of the World Health Assembly (WHA) under the name ¡§Chinese Taipei,¡¨ and
the two sides appear to have agreed to a ¡§diplomatic truce¡¨ whereby they will
stop competing for each other¡¦s diplomatic allies. On June 29, representatives
met and signed a free trade pact, the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA)
in Chongqing.
Washington¡¦s policy toward Taipei and Beijing is guided primarily by a series of
public and private presidential statements, the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) and
three US-PRC joint communiques. These ¡§cornerstones¡¨ of US policy often appear
ambiguous, or even contradictory.
However, one fact is clear ¡X Washington warmly supports all moves toward
cross-strait reconciliation.
In November last year, US President Barack Obama declared that he was ¡§very
pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits
relations.¡¨
And the new national security policy of the US proclaims that the US ¡§will
continue to encourage continued reduction in tension between the People¡¦s
Republic of China and Taiwan.¡¨
The PRC applauds the US position, but some are calling on Washington to do more.
In the coming months, Beijing would like to see Washington take additional steps
to facilitate the ongoing rapprochement.
For starters, Beijing often claims that the US stands in the way of a peaceful
resolution of the Taiwan issue. Authorities insist that US weapons create a
climate encouraging Taipei¡¦s refusal to enter into meaningful negotiations. To
state it succinctly, the PRC wants the US to terminate arms sales to Taiwan.
The PRC has agreed to Taiwan¡¦s participation as an observer in the World Health
Assembly. However, officials still believe there should be limits on Taipei¡¦s
participation in the global community. They want Washington to understand this
fact.
PRC authorities have long called for Washington to do ¡§something useful¡¦ to
promote reconciliation between the two sides. Some would applaud a US move to
host a peace conference to promote ¡§the reunification of China.¡¨
To be sure, Washington welcomes the growing cross-strait rapprochement. However,
the US has no plans to reduce its defense commitment to Taiwan and will move
forward with the plan to sell the country US$6.4 billion in arms.
As US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said: ¡§We strongly encourage the
cross-strait improvement in relations ... but we will maintain our obligations¡¨
under the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA).
Moreover, US policy toward Taiwan¡¦s participation in the global community has
not changed. Officials have long emphasized that according to the TRA, the law
cannot be construed as ¡§a basis for supporting the exclusion or expulsion of
Taiwan¡¨ from international organizations.
In keeping with US policy, Washington will continue to support Taiwan¡¦s
membership in international organizations that do not require statehood and
support its meaningful participation as an ¡§observer¡¨ or ¡§non-state actor¡¨ in
those institutions that require statehood.
The US warmly welcomed Taiwan¡¦s participation as an observer in the WHA.
However, it also favors Taiwan¡¦s participation as an observer in other
UN--affiliated organizations.
As American Institute in Taiwan Director William Stanton observed, Washington
supports Taipei¡¦s bid to participate in the UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change, the International Civil Aviation Organization and ¡§participation in
these and similar organizations, and will do what we can to help that happen.¡¨
Finally, in keeping with longstanding policy, Washington has no plans to
engineer a cross-strait peace settlement or host unification talks. Rather, the
US can live with any resolution of the thorny Beijing-Taipei dispute so long as
the two sides reach an agreement peacefully and do it by themselves.
In conclusion, it appears that a major overhaul in US policy toward Taiwan is
not on the horizon. On the one hand, Beijing may take solace in the fact that
Washington is not going to upgrade its relations with Taipei or sell the country
every weapons system that it wants. On the other hand, however, the PRC must
understand that the US has no plans to ¡§sell out¡¨ or otherwise ¡§abandon¡¨ an old
friend. Indeed, US officials emphasize that support for cross-strait
reconciliation does not mean that Washington will change its relationship with
Taipei.
Dennis Hickey is the James F. Morris Endowed Professor of
Political Science at Missouri State University.
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