The China factor can
only grow bigger
By Huang Huang-hsiung ¶À·×¶¯
Between 1996 and this year, Taiwanese voters elected three presidents in five
direct presidential elections.
During the first direct presidential election in 1996, all the candidates acted
like true gentlemen. This was of positive significance for the new electoral
system. During the second election in 2000, the Chung Hsing Bills Finance case
broke, and this affected the outcome. The night before the third election, in
2004, the March 19 assassination attempt on then-president Chen Shui-bian (³¯¤ô«ó)
and his vice president took place. The shadow of these two incidents has haunted
every candidate since.
During the fourth election in 2008, both candidates were on their guard against
anything similar to the Chung Hsing Bills scandal and the March 19 shooting.
Luckily, nothing similar happened. Instead, a new discourse was proposed: the
idea that supporting the pan-blue camp meant supporting China, and that
supporting China meant selling out Taiwan ¡X an idea intended to secure a
Taiwan-centered government monopoly. However, this anachronistic discourse was
rejected by voters, just as the political discourse of the authoritarian Martial
Law-era was discarded as a result of Taiwan¡¦s democratic development and
relegated to the dustbin of history.
During the fifth presidential election last month, the three candidates accused
one another of playing dirty tricks, but the criticisms were mainly technical in
nature.
After 16 years and five presidential elections, Taiwan¡¦s democracy has become
more mature. After eight years, the ghosts of the 319 shooting and the Chung
Hsing Bills scandal have started to fade away. The new discourse aimed at
creating a Taiwan-centered government monopoly from 2008, too, has gradually
been abandoned. These changes are symbolic of the consolidation of democracy in
Taiwan, and of a shared victory for all Taiwanese.
One thing that is worth mentioning in the recent presidential election is the
¡§China factor.¡¨ In Taiwan¡¦s first direct presidential election in 1996,
then-Chinese president Jiang Zemin (¦¿¿A¥Á) threatened Taiwan with missile
exercises. In the second election in 2000, then-Chinese premier Zhu Rongji (¦¶Âè°ò)
issued verbal threats against Taiwan.
After Ma¡¦s election in 2008, he pushed through the opening of the three direct
cross-strait links and signed the cross-strait Economic Cooperation Framework
Agreement (ECFA).Sixteen other cross-strait agreements between the Straits
Exchange Foundation and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait
were also signed. This has resulted in the biggest change to cross-strait
relations in 60 years.
In the final stage of the recent election campaign, the so-called ¡§1992
consensus¡¨ became a hot, and maybe even critical, issue. This change gave the
¡§China factor,¡¨ and especially the cross-strait economic factors, a new
importance in Taiwan¡¦s presidential elections.
In previous presidential elections, the US was always of greatest international
significance, but in last month¡¦s presidential election the China factor became
at least as important. After 16 years of searching and learning, China¡¦s leaders
seem to have learned how to influence Taiwan¡¦s presidential elections. From now
on, they are likely to strengthen not only cross-strait economic ties, but also
cultural and historical ties.
As this happens, the impact of the China factor on Taiwan¡¦s future presidential
elections will become even more unpredictable. This is a lesson of the latest
presidential election that Taiwan¡¦s current and future leaders, all Taiwanese,
and the international community should think long and hard about.
Huang Huang-hsiung is founder of the Taiwan Research Fund.
Translated by Eddy Chang
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