Democracy nearing
consolidation: study
FINAL PHASE: For the study, researchers
processed data from 1996 on democracies across the world to assess Taiwan using
three indicators of democratic consolidation
By Shih Hsiu-chuan / Staff reporter
In a paper that examines how the public views democracy in Taiwan and compares
local public opinion to those of other democracies over a certain period of
time, a visiting academic from Australia yesterday said the process of
democratic consolidation in Taiwan is almost close to completion.
Ian McAllister, a professor at Australian National Universityˇ¦s School of
Politics and International Relations, released his study, titled ˇ§Taiwanˇ¦s
Maturing Democracy in Global Perspective,ˇ¨ as he delivered a keynote speech at a
forum in Taipei.
His study examined the process of democratic consolidation in Taiwan from 1996
to this year, and compares the countryˇ¦s progress with that of other East Asian
democracies, new ˇ§third waveˇ¨ democracies and established democracies.
A wide range of survey data used in the study were drawn from the Comparative
Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) project, a collaborative program of
cross-national electoral research conducted in more than 50 countries since
1996, and the Taiwan Election and Democratization Study, a local ongoing
research survey project sponsored by the National Science Council.
In the first of the three indicators used to assess democratic consolidation ˇX
how citizens view their regime ˇX questions were posed to measure how satisfied
respondents are with democracy and political efficacy. The results showed the
Taiwanese public was relatively stable in its attitude toward government,
McAllister said.
McAllister found that satisfaction with democracy was higher in Taiwan than in
other East Asian democracies ˇX with the exception of the most recent timepoint ˇX
and also consistently higher than in the new ˇ§third waveˇ¨ democracies.
In comparison with older democracies, where satisfaction is generally higher,
McAllister said it was notable that the most recent survey result for Taiwan is
only three points lower than the average estimate for established democracies
between 2006 and last year.
When measuring political efficacy, which reflects how easily citizens feel they
can influence the political system, McAllisterˇ¦s study found Taiwanese attitudes
stable.
The second indicator the study examined was the extent to which citizens
identify with political parties to measure the health of parties and the party
system as a whole.
McAllister found that levels of party identification in Taiwan have been
increasing incrementally since 1996, from one in three citizens saying that they
felt close to a party in 1996, to 55 percent this year, which goes against
international trends.
This gradual, but consistent, rise suggests that party identification is
increasing by an average of about 5 percent in each inter-election period,
McAllister said.
Over the period that the CSES studies were conducted, partisanship in
established democracies declined by about 4 percentage points, while increasing
by more than 20 percentage points in Taiwan, a higher level than in new
democracies, he said.
The study found partisanship in Taiwan in 1996 was 10 percentage points lower
than in new democracies and 20 percentage points below that of established
democracies, but by this year Taiwanese partisanship was higher than in either
new or established democracies.
The third indicator of democratic consolidation McAllister measured was the
degree of party polarization. For this indicator, he studied where people place
themselves in the left-to-right political spectrum, where they stand on the
issue of unification with China and Taiwanese independence, and looked at
partiesˇ¦ likes and dislikes.
His study found that polarization in Taiwan has been consistent over the period
of the survey, varying only marginally. While the country is heading in the
direction of increased polarization, the incremental increase is small, he said.
Overall, the level of party polarization in Taiwan is lower than in other
democracies, McAllister said.
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